Write all components required for construction of a Laser and briefly explain Ruby Laser.
Write all four Maxwell's equations with meaning of symbols used. Derive the equation of continuity (div j + /t = 0).
Explain unpolarized, polarized, and partially polarized light with the help of diagrams. Describe the construction and working principle of a Nicol Prism. Explain how it can be used as a polarizer and an analyzer.
