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Questions:

1. Write short notes on plasma membrane, plasmodesmata, ion carriers, synaptonemal complex, programmed cell death, protein hydrolysis, amino acid sequencing, carbohydrate metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acid, and enzyme kinetics.
2. Give a detailed account of the structure and function of mitochondria.
3. Write comprehensive notes on endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, and chloroplast.
4. Explain cell cycle and apoptosis, and discuss their biochemical and genetic mechanisms.
5. Write explanatory notes on channel proteins, spindle apparatus, and prophase I of meiosis (diagram only) along with its genetic significance.
6. Give a brief account of the various known levels of protein structure.
7. Write detailed notes on denaturation and renaturation of proteins, and polysaccharides and their types.
8. Differentiate between enzymes and coenzymes. Discuss the factors that affect enzymatic reactions.
9. Describe the basic principles involved in chromatography. Discuss its role in plant biology.