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Semester 4: M.Sc. Costume Design and Fashion
Costumes and accessories of America - Central and South American countries
Costumes and Accessories of Central and South America
Introduction to Costumes
Costumes in Central and South America are rich in cultural significance and often reflect the traditions, history, and identities of diverse indigenous groups and colonial influences. Each country showcases unique styles and elements, making it an essential aspect of their cultural heritage.
Traditional Costumes
Traditional costumes vary widely across regions. In countries like Peru and Bolivia, colorful textiles handwoven from alpaca and sheep wool are common. These garments often incorporate intricate patterns and symbols that represent local culture and beliefs.
Influence of Indigenous Cultures
Indigenous peoples have played a vital role in the evolution of costume design. Costumes often feature traditional motifs and materials that honor their ancestors, including feather headdresses, beaded jewelry, and woven garments that signify social status and community.
Colonial Influence on Fashion
The arrival of European colonizers introduced new fabrics, techniques, and styles to the region. This blend of indigenous and European elements is evident in the costumes, leading to unique attire like the 'pollera' in Panama and 'charro' suits in Mexico.
Festivals and Celebrations
Festivals such as Carnaval and Dia de los Muertos showcase vibrant costumes that range from traditional to contemporary interpretations. Costumes during these celebrations often reflect local folklore, spirituality, and the blending of cultures.
Contemporary Fashion
Modern fashion in Central and South America increasingly incorporates traditional elements, merging them with current trends. Designers often draw inspiration from historical attire, aiming to celebrate and preserve their cultural roots while appealing to global markets.
European countries costumes including Egypt, Greece, Roman and northern Europe
European countries costumes including Egypt, Greece, Rome, and northern Europe
Egyptian Costumes
Ancient Egyptian clothing was made from linen, a fabric well-suited for hot climates. Common garments included the shendyt for men, a wrapped skirt-like garment, and the kalasiris for women, a fitted dress. Accessories such as jewelry and headdresses played a significant role, with items like the nemes headdress representing royalty.
Greek Costumes
Greek costumes, particularly during the classical period, were characterized by garments such as the chiton and himation. The chiton was a tunic made from a rectangular piece of cloth draped and fastened at the shoulders, while the himation was a cloak worn over the chiton. Footwear was minimal, often sandals or barefoot.
Roman Costumes
Roman fashion evolved from Greek styles but included distinct elements like the toga, a garment symbolizing Roman citizenship. The tunic was commonly worn by both men and women underneath the toga. Wealthy Romans would often wear elaborate and colorful garments, adorned with patterns and jewelry.
Northern European Costumes
Northern European costumes were influenced by climate and culture. In countries like Norway and Sweden, traditional outfits, known as folk costumes or bunads, often feature intricate embroidery and layers for warmth. In contrast, German dirndls and lederhosen represent the regional attire in Alpine areas, showcasing craftsmanship and heritage.
Far Eastern countries costumes including Mongolia, China, Japan, South Asia, Southeast Asia
Far Eastern Countries Costumes
Mongolia
Traditional Mongolian costumes are known for their vibrant colors and unique designs. The most recognizable outfit is the Deel, a long robe made of wool or silk, often belted at the waist. Accessories such as boots, hats, and ornate jewelry are common.
China
Chinese costumes vary greatly by region and time period. The Hanfu is a traditional outfit characterized by loose robes and wide sleeves, while modern garments include clothing influenced by Western fashion. The Qipao is another iconic dress, especially recognized in the context of women's fashion.
Japan
Japanese costumes are rich in culture and history. The Kimono is perhaps the most famous, featuring intricate patterns and color schemes that signify different occasions. Other garments include the Yukata, often worn in summer festivals, and the Hakama, a type of pleated trousers.
South Asia
Costumes in South Asia are marked by diversity. In India, the Sari for women and Kurta for men are traditional. The region's garments often reflect local fabrics and embroidery styles, showcasing the rich textile heritage.
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asian costumes vary by country but often include garments like the Batik in Indonesia, the Ao Dai in Vietnam, and traditional Thai silk costumes. These costumes typically embody local culture, craftsmanship, and vibrant colors.
African regional costumes - North, East, West and South Africa
African regional costumes
North Africa
North African costumes are influenced by a mix of Berber, Arab, and French cultures. Clothing like the djellaba, a long hooded robe, is common. Fabrics are often rich in color and patterns, reflecting regional identities. Traditional garments may include ornamental textiles and accessories such as scarves and jewelry.
East Africa
East African costumes are characterized by vibrant colors and intricate designs. The kanga, a colorful cotton fabric with Swahili sayings, is popularly worn by women. Men often wear the kitenge or kanzu, providing a glimpse into the cultural diversity of nations like Kenya and Tanzania.
West Africa
West African costumes are renowned for their bold patterns and colors. Fabrics like Ankara, Adire, and Kente are prominent, with each fabric telling its own story and representing specific ethnic groups. Traditional attires include the boubou for men and women, adorned with elaborate embroidery.
South Africa
South African costumes showcase a rich tapestry of cultures. Traditional attire varies widely among ethnic groups, with garments like the shweshwe dress worn by women of the Xhosa community and the distinctive attire of the Zulu warriors. Beadwork plays a significant role in adornment, symbolizing identity and status.
Middle East costumes including Turkey, Iran, Arab Peninsula
Middle East Costumes including Turkey, Iran, Arab Peninsula
Historical Influences
Costumes in the Middle East have been influenced by various civilizations, including Byzantine, Persian, and Ottoman cultures. Each region showcases unique fabrics, embroidery techniques, and designs that reflect their historical context.
Traditional Costumes of Turkey
Traditional Turkish costumes include the 'şalvar' (baggy trousers), 'kaftan' (long robe), and intricate head coverings. Colors and fabrics vary between regions, with bold patterns in the east and more subdued styles in the west.
Iranian Costumes
Iranian traditional dress features garments such as the 'chador' for women and 'karakul' hats for men. Patterns often involve significant use of color and geometric designs, reflecting Persian artistry.
Costumes of the Arab Peninsula
Costumes from the Arab Peninsula are characterized by the 'thobe' or 'kandura' for men, often white or neutral. Women wear 'abaya' and 'niqab', with textile diversity indicating tribal affiliations and social status.
Modern Influences and Adaptations
Contemporary fashion in the Middle East blends traditional attire with modern styles. Designers are increasingly incorporating historic elements into haute couture and ready-to-wear collections, reflecting both cultural heritage and global trends.
Festivals and Ceremonial Attire
Festivals often showcase traditional costumes, with the 'Hijab' and 'Ghutra' playing significant roles in cultural identity during celebrations. Attire varies for special occasions, representing pride in heritage and community.
