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Semester 2: National Education Policy-2020 Common Minimum Syllabus for U.P. State Universities
Biochemistry & Microbial Physiology
Biochemistry and Microbial Physiology
Introduction to Biochemistry
Biochemistry involves the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. It combines concepts from biology and chemistry to explore molecular structures and functions.
Microbial Metabolism
Microbial metabolism encompasses the biochemical processes that occur within microorganisms. This includes catabolism, which breaks down organic matter for energy, and anabolism, which uses energy to synthesize essential compounds.
Microbial Growth and Nutrition
Microbes require nutrients for growth, including carbon, nitrogen, and essential minerals. Growth can be influenced by environmental factors such as temperature and pH.
Enzyme Function and Kinetics
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions. Understanding enzyme kinetics, including factors affecting enzyme activity, is crucial for microbial physiology.
Genetic Regulation in Microbes
Microbial physiology is influenced by gene expression regulation. Mechanisms like operons manage the synthesis of proteins in response to environmental changes.
Metabolic Pathways
Key metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and fermentation, are central to microbial energy production. Each pathway has distinct inputs, outputs, and regulatory mechanisms.
Industrial Applications of Microbial Processes
Microbial processes are harnessed in industries for fermentation, bioremediation, and the production of biofuels. Understanding underlying biochemical principles enhances these applications.
Biochemical & Physiology lab.
Biochemical & Physiology Lab
Introduction to Biochemical Techniques
Overview of biochemical techniques used in labs, including spectrophotometry, chromatography, and electrophoresis. Importance in analyzing biomolecules.
Physiological Experiments in Microbiology
Methods to study the physiological behaviors of microorganisms. Includes enzyme activity assays and growth kinetics.
Sample Preparation and Sterilization Techniques
Fundamentals of preparing samples and maintaining sterility. Importance of aseptic techniques in industrial microbiology.
Analysis of Biochemical Pathways
Understanding metabolic pathways. Key biochemical reactions and their significance in microbial metabolism.
Instrumentation in Biochemical Analysis
Introduction to instruments used in biochemical analysis, such as HPLC and mass spectrometry. Role in characterizing microbial products.
Data Interpretation and Reporting
Techniques to interpret and present lab data. Importance of accurate reporting in scientific research.
