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Important Questions for "Immunology":

[1]

  1. Discuss the principle, method and applications of ELISA.
  2. What is antibody diversity? Discuss the genetic and molecular mechanisms responsible for generation of antibody diversity.
  3. Differentiate between MHC class I, MHC class II and MHC class III complexes with suitable diagrams.

[2]

  1. Write notes on: (a) IRMA (b) ELISA (c) RIA (d) Western-Blotting.
  2. Define vaccines, classify them. How do they work against viruses and bacteria? Why are not all vaccines 100% effective?
  3. How are monoclonal antibodies produced? Write their application in the field of diagnostics and therapeutics.

[3]

  1. What is humoral immunity? How does it differ from cell-mediated immunity? Explain.
  2. What is immunoelectrophoresis? What is the meaning of the terms RIA and IRMA?
  3. What are antigenic determinants on immunoglobulin? Provide an account of each type: isotype, idiotype, and allotype.

[4]

  1. Define hybridoma technology. Discuss its utility for the production of monoclonal antibodies and write its applications.
  2. What is Immunoelectrophoresis? What is the meaning of the terms IRMA and ELISA?
  3. Write short notes on any two of the following: (a) Type IV Hypersensitivity reaction (b) Acquired immunity and Passive immunity (c) MHC complex (d) Abnormal Immunoglobulin.

[5]

  1. What is the difference between humoral and cell-mediated immunity (CMI)?
  2. Give an account of the role played by macrophages with respect to innate immunity.
  3. Give an account of the role played by natural killer cells with respect to innate immunity.

[6]

  1. What are monoclonal antibodies? Write a detailed account of their production.
  2. Write an essay on antigen-antibody reaction.
  3. What is vaccination? How many types of vaccines exist across generations?

[7]

  1. What are monoclonal antibodies? Describe the method of production and use of monoclonal antibodies.
  2. Describe the structure and functioning of cosmid and phagemid vectors.
  3. Write an essay on immunological reactions and their significance.

[8]

  1. Explain the concept of DNA recombinant technology.
  2. Explain the role of Biotechnology in food processing.
  3. Calculate the mean size of wheat ear head from the following frequency distribution: (Size of Ear Head in cm: 34, 35, 36, ..., 43 and their respective frequencies).

[9]

  1. What are RAM and ROM?
  2. Write a short note on histogram and pie chart.
  3. What are the different databases used in bioinformatics analysis?

[10]

  1. What are auto immune diseases? OR Calculate median of the given data: 9, 6, 7, 8, 8, 9, 6, 5, 4, 7
  2. Explain the role of Genetic Engineering in agriculture OR Explain the importance of Vaccination in Human health
  3. Discuss the principle and applications of Paper Chromatography OR Describe different types of Electrophoresis

[11]

  1. Describe the applications of artificial skin.
  2. What is immunogenicity? Explain four properties of immunogens that determine immunogenicity.
  3. Define vaccine. Describe various modern methods of vaccine development with suitable examples.

[12]

  1. Explain the concept of hapten.
  2. Write an essay on antigen and antibody reactions.
  3. Write notes on: ELISA, MHC.

[13]

  1. What is auto-immunity? Describe various auto-immunity diseases.
  2. What is Animal cloning? Describe the ethical and social issues regarding human cloning.
  3. Draw the diagram illustrating the general structure, including the domain of class I MHC molecule, class II MHC molecule, and membrane-bound antibody on B cells. Describe the regulation of MHC expression.

[14]

  1. Write a note on Antigen-Antibody interaction.
  2. What is cell culture? How are cells maintained in culture and what are the different kinds of cell culture media?
  3. Write in detail on Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and complements.

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