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Important Questions for "Immunology":

[1]

  1. What are immunoglobulins? Describe different types of immunoglobulins.
  2. What is antibody diversity? Discuss the genetic and molecular mechanisms responsible for generation of antibody diversity.
  3. Discuss the symptoms and pathophysiology of Rheumatoid arthritis and the mechanism of development of autoimmune disorders.

[2]

  1. Describe the structure of Immunoglobulin and write the features of various types of Immunoglobulins with suitable diagrams.
  2. Write short notes on: (a) Rheumatoid Arthritis (b) Asthma (c) Myasthenia gravis.
  3. Define vaccines, classify them. How do they work against viruses and bacteria? Why are not all vaccines 100% effective?

[3]

  1. What is humoral immunity? How does it differ from cell-mediated immunity? Explain.
  2. Write short notes on: (a) Pernicious anaemia (b) Rheumatoid Arthritis (c) Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
  3. Write short notes on: (a) MHC complex (b) Abnormal Immunoglobulin (c) Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction (d) Acquired immunity.

[4]

  1. What is MHC restriction? How do MHC molecules help in presenting antigen to T-cells?
  2. Define hybridoma technology. Discuss its utility for the production of monoclonal antibodies and write its applications.
  3. Give a concise account of the nature of vaccines. Discuss the role of biotechnology in the development of new methods for vaccine production.

[5]

  1. Give an account of the role played by mast cells with respect to innate immunity.
  2. What are antigenic determinants on immunoglobulins? Give an account of isotype, idiotype, and allotype.
  3. Write a note on T-lymphocyte.

[6]

  1. Describe the types of immunity and non-specific defense mechanisms.
  2. Write an essay on antigen-antibody reaction.
  3. What is vaccination? How many types of vaccines exist across generations?

[7]

  1. Describe the structure of various types of immunoglobulins.
  2. Describe mean, median, and mode with suitable examples.
  3. Describe various types of immunity with suitable examples.

[8]

  1. Describe the method of paper chromatography.
  2. Describe the types of immunity.
  3. Explain genetic engineering applications in relation to human health.

[9]

  1. Differentiate between cloning vector and expression vector.
  2. Write a short note on crop and livestock improvement.
  3. Find the mean, median, and mode of the given data.

[10]

  1. Discuss the principle and applications of Paper Chromatography OR Describe different types of Electrophoresis
  2. What are DNA ligases? Discuss their importance OR Define Standard Error. How is it calculated?
  3. What are Cloning Vectors? Describe their role in rDNA technology

[11]

  1. Describe the applications of artificial skin.
  2. Comment upon continuous cell lines.
  3. Explain the process of purification and characterization of monoclonal antibodies with their advantages.

[12]

  1. Explain the concept of hapten.
  2. Define autoimmunity and describe two autoimmunity diseases.
  3. Describe the five structures of IgG and its diversity.

[13]

  1. What is Innate immunity? Describe the structure and function of cell types of Innate immunity.
  2. What is Animal cloning? Describe the ethical and social issues regarding human cloning.
  3. What is cell-mediated immunity? Give the details of B and T lymphocytes.

[14]

  1. Write a note on Antigen-Antibody interaction.
  2. Write short notes on: Ethical and social issues related to human cloning, B lymphocytes.
  3. Write in detail on Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and complements.

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