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Important Questions for "Immunology":

[1]

  1. What is antibody diversity? Discuss the genetic and molecular mechanisms responsible for generation of antibody diversity.
  2. Write short notes on two of the following: (a) Recombinant vaccines (b) Primary and secondary immune response (c) Attenuated vaccines (d) MHC restriction.
  3. Discuss the mechanism of clonal selection of B cells.

[2]

  1. Describe the structure of Immunoglobulin and write the features of various types of Immunoglobulins with suitable diagrams.
  2. Define antigen-antibody reaction. List various serological methods to demonstrate antigen-antibody reaction in vitro along with their principles.
  3. What is antibody diversity? How do they affect T-cell function? Explain clearly.

[3]

  1. Define and classify antigen, antibody reaction. Discuss agglutination test with examples.
  2. Write short notes on: (a) Pernicious anaemia (b) Rheumatoid Arthritis (c) Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
  3. Define hybridoma technology. Discuss its utility for the production of monoclonal antibodies and write its applications.

[4]

  1. What is MHC restriction? How do MHC molecules help in presenting antigen to T-cells?
  2. What are antigenic determinants on immunoglobulin? Give an account of each type: Isotype, Idiotype, and Allotype.
  3. Write short notes on: (a) Pernicious anaemia (b) Rheumatoid arthritis (c) Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

[5]

  1. Describe the structure of MHC molecule.
  2. What do you mean by live and killed vaccines? How can these vaccines work for eradicating diseases?
  3. Write a note on macrophages.

[6]

  1. Write notes on: Autoimmune disease, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.
  2. Write notes on: ELISA, Immunodiffusion.
  3. Write an essay on antigen-antibody reaction.

[7]

  1. What are monoclonal antibodies? Describe the method of production and use of monoclonal antibodies.
  2. Describe various types of immunity with suitable examples.
  3. Give an account of methods of production of vaccines and mention names of vaccines for some diseases.

[8]

  1. Explain the concept of DNA recombinant technology.
  2. Describe the structure and classes of Antibodies.
  3. Define mean deviation and compute it for the given data: 20, 33, 50, 53, 68, 41, 60, 45, 38.

[9]

  1. Write a short note on crop and livestock improvement.
  2. Give detailed notes on single cell protein and its application in health care.
  3. Find the mean, median, and mode of the given data.

[10]

  1. Relationship between Mean, Median, and Mode
  2. What are DNA ligases? Discuss their importance OR Define Standard Error. How is it calculated?
  3. Define innate and acquired immunity. Discuss how macrophages play a significant role in the defense system of the body

[11]

  1. Compare monoclonal and hybrid antibodies.
  2. What are the useful properties of hybridomas? How are they developed?
  3. Comment upon continuous cell lines.

[12]

  1. Explain the concept of hapten.
  2. Define autoimmunity and describe two autoimmunity diseases.
  3. Write notes on: ELISA, MHC.

[13]

  1. What is Antigenicity? Describe the type of Hapten.
  2. What is auto-immunity? Describe various auto-immunity diseases.
  3. What is Animal cloning? Describe the ethical and social issues regarding human cloning.

[14]

  1. Difference between Humoral and cell-mediated immunity.
  2. Write a note on Antigen-Antibody interaction.
  3. What is cell culture? How are cells maintained in culture and what are the different kinds of cell culture media?

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